Extend the server upgrade check to verify that partitioned InnoDB
tables do not use shared tablespaces.

Extend the handlerton interface with a new method to return the
tablespace type.

Extend the dd_upgrade_error_cs test to test upgrade from 8.0.12 with
partitioned tables using shared tablespaces.

Additionally, unrelated to the bug report, also extend the
dd_schema_definition_after_upgrade_debug test to check
upgrade from 8.0.12.

Change-Id: If896fe58e236a8a1bb7a9635a25ac58f1f240626